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Golden canna is a tropical-looking herbaceous perennial that can get up to 4 ft (1.2 m) tall. The leaves are upright, thick and succulent with longitudinal veins and get up to 2 ft (60 cm) long and 6 in (15 cm) wide, decreasing in size upward on the stem. The leaf bases clasp the stem and each overlaps the next one above. The very attractive bright yellow flowers open consecutively in a terminal cluster. Each flower is about 3 in (8 cm) across, and the showy part is not made up of petals, but a modified style and three modified stamens, all of which look like petals. Only one of the petal-like stamens bears pollen. The petal-like style is in the center of the flower. The real petals are fused and form a tube at the base of the flower. Canna has rhizomes (underground stems) that constantly give rise to additional shoots.
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The many cultivated cannas, which may be red, pink, yellow, striped or variegated, are of complex hybrid origins, the ancestors of most now largely forgotten. According to some authorities, two hybrid species, each with dozens of cultivars, may be recognized. Canna X generalis includes the French cannas and common garden cannas, which usually have smooth flowers less than 4 in (10 cm) across. Canna X orchiodes, the orchid-flowered cannas, are characterized by crinkled flowers up to 6 in (15 cm) across. Golden canna was the principal parent of Canna X orchiodes. These days, cultivated cannas are usually given cultivar names only, without attempting to assign them to a particular hybrid species. Steve Christman 10/29/99; updated 2/22/00; 5/5/06
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